Backpressure is defined in PSI (pound per square inch) or feet of head.  Simply read the gauge pressure for PSI.  For feet of head, calculate height of water over the centerline of the plug.  Example; 100’ line at 1% slope with a 10’ manhole (100 x .01) + 10 = 11 feet of head.  
This answer depends on how the plug is maintained. If the instructions are followed in the Cherne Safety Instruction Manual, it is not unusual for the plug to last for many years. If the instructions are not followed, a plug can be destroyed during the first use. Cherne pneumatic plugs come with a 2 year warranty from date of manufacture.
Feet of head is the height of water over the center line of the plug.
There are patch kits available for Urethane plugs. Other plugs that can be patched or have the bag replaced, are as follows; 15”-30” / 24”-42” / 20”-40” / 24”-48” / 24”-60” / 48”-72” and 54”-96”.
The bypass cap or plug is removed and replaced with an Air Loc Conversion Kit.
Inflation pressure should be checked a minimum of once every 4 hours while a pneumatic plug is in use.
Generally speaking pneumatic plugs that do not have sealing rings may be eligible for patching. The damage to the plug cannot be any longer than 4 inches, or deep enough to penetrate the cording. Plugs cannot be patched more than 4 times. Other repairs can be made as well, like replacing inflatable bladders, bypass hoses, castings and fittings. When in doubt, ask the customer to take a few digital pictures of the damaged area and email it to you. Forward the pictures by email to the Cherne QA Department along with a brief description of the damage for final determination.
Yes. Cherne publishes a chart that pairs up our pneumatic pipe plugs with some of the most popular sizes of elliptical pipes.
Both our original long ball and our MS2 Long Balls are designed to seal wye fittings while conducting a sewer test. The MS2 Long Ball is unique as it features a relief valve, is multi-size, and inflates and deflates in stages to keep the work area dry by keeping the water from coming up through the pipe riser during the deflation process.
Cherne Urethane pillow plugs, Well Monitor plug and the Petro Econ-O-Grip can be used with most hydrocarbons. Contact Cherne engineering for specific applications.